Species knowledge

Species identification for the hunter's exam. Huntable and protected species you must know.

Species knowledge is one of the most demanding subject areas on the hunter's exam. You must be able to identify all huntable species and distinguish them from protected species that can be confused with them.

For deer species, you must be able to tell moose, red deer, roe deer, and wild reindeer apart, including calves, females, and males. You should know body size, antlers, behavior, and habitat.

For birds, the requirements are more extensive. You must recognize the huntable species (ptarmigan, black grouse, capercaillie, geese, ducks, woodcock, etc.) and distinguish them from protected species. Many duck species look similar, and shooting the wrong species is a criminal offense.

Common identification hazards: Willow ptarmigan vs. rock ptarmigan (both huntable, but important to know the difference). Greylag goose vs. barnacle goose (barnacle goose is protected). Female mallard vs. other female ducks. Female black grouse vs. female capercaillie.

For predators and small game: Distinguish red fox from arctic fox (protected). Know lynx, badger, marten, and stoat.

Field identification: Learn the key identifying features in the field, not just from photos. Size, flight pattern, calls, habitat. In the field, birds look different than in the book.

Tips: Use apps like "Artsdatabanken" or bird guides to study species. Go for walks and observe animals in nature. Visit natural history museums.

On the exam, you'll be shown photos of species to identify. Practice with flashcards and quizzes.